Capitalism was never chosen by the people—it was imposed by oligarchs through force, enclosure, and dependency. From feudal serfdom to modern branding, it converts human effort into performance and funnels recognition upward. Vietnam, though pressured into this system, still retains deep cultural structures rooted in form, not spectacle. This essay explores how Vietnam can protect and modernize its traditional foundations to resist collapse—and lead the way toward a post-capitalist, form-based society.
